The National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), National Institutes of Health, today announced it has awarded 10 grants to study the relationship between chronic stress, repeated stressors, and brain mechanisms that affect drug-use behaviors. The grants total $7.6 million over a period of 5 years.
"Stress can alter a person's physiology and contribute to the development of such illnesses as hypertension, diabetes, and addiction," says Dr. Nora D. Volkow, NIDA Director. "Stress also is an exceptionally powerful trigger for relapse in drug abusers, even after long periods of abstinence. The new grants we have awarded can extend our knowledge about the neurobiological mechanisms underlying the interaction between stress, drug abuse, and the behavioral changes that occur in the different phases of the addiction process."
The stress response is the body's attempt to protect itself from emotional or physical pressure, or danger. It is controlled by a highly complex integrated network that involves the central nervous system, the adrenal system, the immune system, and the cardiovascular system. Prolonged reactions to stress could include a response to a major life event, such as death, divorce, or losing a job; physical trauma, such as an accident or assault; or extended exposure to tense work or home situations. Some people also experience post-traumatic stress disorder, an anxiety disorder that can develop following exposure to a terrifying event or ordeal.
NIDA has an extensive research portfolio that encompasses the role stress can play in the initiation of drug use and in relapse to drug use. But some of these newly funded studies can enhance the field by bringing in scientists whose background research on stress and neurobiology has not yet addressed issues related to drug abuse. "We expect the cross-translational effect of this practice will be to bring new and fresh perspectives to the study of stress and its relation to drug abuse and addiction," says Dr. Volkow.
The grantees are:
- Charles Chavkin, University of Washington, Seattle, $1,351,500.00 over 5 years
Opioid Mediation of Stress-Potentiated Cocaine Response.
DA 16898-01 - Mary F. Dallman, University of California (San Francisco), $1,198,868.00 over 4 years
Chronic Stress Intensifies Incentive Relativity.
DA-16944-01 - Bryan K. Yamamoto, Boston University School of Medicine, $1,283,554.00 over 4 years
Chronic Stress and MDMA Neurotoxicity.
DA 16866-01 - Kathryn A. Cunningham, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, $363,459.00 over 3 years.
Targeted Proteomics of Stress and Addiction.
DA 16905-01 - Cecilia J. Hilliard, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, $787,500.00 over 3 years
Brain Endocannabinoids and Chronic Stress.
DA 16967-01 - David M. Lyons, Stanford University, Stanford, California, $735,588.00 over 3 years
Early Chronic Stress and Prefrontal Development.
DA 16902-01 - Paul E. Gold, University of Illinois (Champaign), $1,178,960.00 over 4 years
Stress Effects on the Balance Between Memory Systems.
DA 16951-01 - Leslie Matuszewich, Northern Illinois University, Dekalb, $144,325.00 over 2 years
Impact of Stress on Cocaine Withdrawal Behaviors.
DA 16947-01 - Barry L. Jacobs, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, $158,000.00 over 2 years
Marijuana and Cytokine Actions on Rat Brain Mitogenesis.
DA 16976-01 - Theodore C. Friedman, Charles R. Drew University School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, $427,500.00 over 3 years
Chronic Nicotine's Activation of the HPA Axis.
DA 16867-01