This is Archived Content. This content is available for historical purposes only. It may not reflect the current state of science or language from the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA). View current news releases on nida.nih.gov.
E-cigarette ads associated with cigarette smoking initiation among youth
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A scientific study finds that receptivity to e-cigarette advertising increases the likelihood of trying conventional cigarettes one year later.
Gut-brain axis offers clues to treatments for addictive disorders
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Scientists have investigated how the stomach-derived hormone ghrelin affects alcohol-seeking behaviors, discovering for the first time in humans that administration of ghrelin intravenously significantly increased alcohol intake in heavy drinking participants.
NIDA's 2018 Avant-Garde awards highlight immune response and killer cells
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NIDA’s annual Avant-Garde Award competition, now in its 11th year, is intended to stimulate high-impact research that may lead to groundbreaking opportunities for the prevention and treatment of HIV/AIDS in drug users.
Stimulating news about brain glutamate
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NIDA-funded scientists conducted the first study showing that the signaling transmitter glutamate increases in the brain after stimulant use in humans, which has a greater effect in females.
Teens, E-Cigs and Toxins?
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NIDA-funded scientists have found at least five potentially harmful toxins in the body of human adolescents who use electronic cigarettes.
Repurposed arthritis drug could become a non-opioid pain reliever
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A compound once studied as an arthritis therapy has been given new life as a possible non-opioid pain reliever by NIDA-funded scientists.
The brain's hyper-network uncovered
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Complex brain actions reflect multiple networks of activity in the brain, according to a paper authored by researchers from the NIDA Intramural Research Program, in collaboration with scientists from Italy and Sweden.
Neuronal ensembles take center stage
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A new animal study from NIDA's Intramural Research Program (IRP) shines light on the underlying mechanisms in the brain's prefrontal cortex and its role in learning.
Greek life membership associated with binge drinking and marijuana use in later life
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A scientific study finds that close to half of residential fraternity members had symptoms of alcohol use disorder (AUD) by age 35, and that living at college is associated with continued binge drinking and marijuana use through early midlife.
Medication in Prison Associated with Reductions in Fatal Opioid Overdoses After Release
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A state-led initiative created within the Rhode Island correctional system showed that offering medication to inmates with opioid use disorders reduced fatal overdoses once the inmates were released.
NIH releases first dataset from unprecedented study of adolescent brain development
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Approximately 30 terabytes of data (about three times the size of the Library of Congress collection), obtained from the first 4,500 participants, will be available to scientists worldwide to conduct research on the many factors that influence brain, cognitive, social, and emotional development.
Brain Structure Tracks Reward's Value and Steps to Obtain It
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Scientists at the National Institute on Drug Abuse’s Intramural Research Program (NIDA IRP) have demonstrated distinct roles for two subregions of the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) in goal-directed behaviors.
Study shows e-cigarettes affect brain similarly to other nicotine sources
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Nicotine-containing electronic cigarettes (e-cigs) produce brain changes similar to those caused by other nicotine sources, such as combustible cigarettes or nicotine lozenges, a study sponsored by the National Institute on Drug Abuse indicates.
Marijuana drug use increasing during pregnancy
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Marijuana is the most commonly used illicit drug during pregnancy, and its use is rising.
Hospital best practices linked to modest changes in prescription opioid dispensing
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The authors of this study assessed whether the Washington state hospital mandates had any impact on Medicaid beneficiary opioid dispensing rates after an ED visit.
A “New Vista” for Treating Cocaine Addiction
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Two recent studies suggest that medications that activate a pair of opioid receptors may weaken cocaine users’ drive to take the stimulant.
Oxytocin protocol appears workable and safe for methadone patients who use cocaine
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Researchers supported by the National Institute on Drug Abuse have developed a protocol for adjunctive oxytocin treatment, and a pilot study has indicated that it is workable and safe for MMT patients.
Dr. Redonna Chandler selected to lead AIDS Research Program at NIDA
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Dr. Redonna Chandler has been named director of the AIDS Research Program at the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), part of the National Institutes of Health (NIH). In this role, she will be responsible for the development, planning, and coordination of high priority research on HIV and AIDS and drug use within NIDA and across other NIH Institutes.
Kappa Opioid Receptor Structure Revealed, A Potential Milestone in Medication Development
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New research funded by the National Institute on Drug Abuse illuminates the crystal structure of the activated kappa opioid receptor (KOR). The breakthrough could facilitate the development of new medications to treat pain and addiction.
Study shows association between non-cigarette tobacco product use and future cigarette smoking among teens
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Some teens who use e-cigarettes and other non-cigarette tobacco products report smoking cigarettes one year later, according to recent research funded by institutes within the National Institutes of Health and the Food and Drug Administration.
Vaping popular among teens; opioid misuse at historic lows
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Nearly 1 in 3 students in 12 th grade report past year use of some kind of vaping device, raising concerns about the impact on their health.
Can treatment during surgery reduce postoperative opioid use?
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With the current concerns related to opioid addiction and overdose, researchers from the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) are exploring ways to reduce the use of opioids for pain relief, while still effectively managing pain.
Cocaine contributes to overdose deaths among some minorities
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Drug overdose deaths are a major public health concern across all racial/ethnic groups, and are often associated with opioid use. However, a new study shows that cocaine is also a consistent contributor to overdose deaths. The research suggests that rates of cocaine-related overdose deaths in the non-Hispanic black population are similar to heroin-related deaths among non-Hispanic white women and prescription opioid-related deaths among non-Hispanic white men. The study was conducted by researchers at the National Institute on Drug Abuse and the National Cancer Institute, both part of the National Institutes of Health.
Separating side effects could hold key for safer opioids
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Opioid pain relievers can be extremely effective in relieving pain, but can carry a high risk of addiction and ultimately overdose when breathing is suppressed and stops. Scientists have discovered a way to separate these two effects -- pain relief and breathing -- opening a window of opportunity to make effective pain medications without the risk of respiratory failure.
Opioid treatment drugs have similar outcomes once patients initiate treatment
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A study comparing the effectiveness of two pharmacologically distinct medications used to treat opioid use disorder – a buprenorphine/naloxone combination and an extended release naltrexone formulation – shows similar outcomes once medication treatment is initiated.
Endocannabinoid system as potential target for opioid withdrawal treatment
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Scientists supported by the National Institute on Drug Abuse conducted a proof-of-concept study examining the potential efficacy of a cannabinoid receptor (CB1) partial agonist, dronabinol, in relieving signs and symptoms of opioid withdrawal.
How the Brain Grows Up
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This study demonstrated that the new axons arrive via a pathway that originates in the VTA and passes through the part of the forebrain called the nucleus accumbens (NAC).
NIDA launches two adolescent substance use screening tools
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The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends universal screening in pediatric primary settings, and these tools help providers quickly and easily introduce brief, evidence-based screenings into their clinical practices.
Menthol Boosts Nicotine’s Effects
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A study supported by the National Institute on Drug Abuse bolsters evidence that it may also make cigarettes more addictive.
NIDA scientists review impact of smoking among adolescents with ADHD
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A team from the University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, and Auburn University in Auburn, Alabama, examined the effects of childhood ADHD symptoms on the development of smoking in male and female adolescents.
Study identifies a brain pathway involved in drug relapse after cessation of contingency management
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A team of researchers at the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) has identified what may be the crucial brain circuit involved in relapse to drug use when an effective behavioral treatment for drug addiction, known as contingency management, is discontinued.
Behavioral treatments increase brain activity related to cognitive control
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In a recent study supported by the National Institute on Drug Abuse, cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and contingency management (CM) increased brain efficiency in regions that coordinate cognitive control—the ability to set goals and stay on task despite conflicting cues and distractors.
Brain circuit connectivity predicts relapse to cocaine use
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Investigators at the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) Intramural Research Program (IRP) have identified a resting-state brain circuit whose functional connectivity predicts the likelihood of relapse to cocaine use.
Study highlights unmet treatment needs among adults with mental health and substance use disorders
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Despite current treatment guidelines, fewer than 10 percent of adults with co-occurring mental health and substance use disorders receive treatment for both disorders, and more than 50 percent do not receive treatment for either disorder.
NIDA study suggests safety of breastfeeding by new mothers being treated with buprenorphine
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Scientists from the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) sought to determine the concentrations of buprenorphine in human milk, maternal plasma, and infant plasma of buprenorphine-maintained women and their infants.
Marijuana use is associated with an increased risk of prescription opioid misuse and use disorders
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New research suggests that marijuana users may be more likely than nonusers to misuse prescription opioids and develop prescription opioid use disorder.
Stronger Relief for Neuropathic Pain
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Opioid medications are highly effective against many types of pain, but not neuropathic pain, which arises from damaged or diseased nerves. Research from the National Institute on Drug Abuse suggests a way to remedy that shortcoming.
Young adults’ daily use of marijuana a concern
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The National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) announced that the latest Monitoring the Future (MTF) national survey results of drug use among full-time college students and their non-college peers are now available online, highlighting that daily marijuana use is at the highest level since the early 1980s for this age group.
NIDA scientists identify a potential drug for cocaine use disorder
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Modafinil, a FDA-approved medication used to treat narcolepsy, has been investigated for its potential as a treatment of cocaine use disorders. Scientists supported by the National Institute on Drug Abuse developed a unique modafinil analogue called JJC8-016, which is an atypical DAT inhibitor.
Collaborative care shows promise for opioid and alcohol use disorders
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A NIDA-funded randomized clinical trial found that primary care patients with opioid and alcohol use disorders (OAUD) who were offered a collaborative care intervention were more likely to receive evidence-based treatment and refrain from using opioids and alcohol six months later, compared to patients receiving usual care.
Women who inject drugs may be at greater risk of HCV than men
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A newly published analysis examining data from more than 1800 people suggests that women who inject drugs have a 38% higher risk of contracting HCV than their male counterparts.
Post deployment behavioral health screens show promise
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This study is the first multivariate analysis of the Department of Defense and VHA data to assess treatment linkage for veterans with possible behavioral health needs.
Grants awarded to address opioid crisis in rural regions
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To address the opioid crisis in rural U.S. regions, the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), in partnership with several other federal agencies, have issued nine grants to help communities develop comprehensive approaches to prevent and treat consequences of opioid injection, including substance use disorder, overdose, HIV, hepatitis B and C virus infections, as well as sexually transmitted diseases.
Energy drinks and risk to future substance use
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New research suggests that college students who regularly consume energy drinks are at a greater risk for future alcohol use disorder, cocaine use or nonmedical use (misuse) of prescription stimulants.
NIDA scientists advance DREADD technology
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Scientists at the Intramural Research Program at the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) have discovered new clues to the successful use of the DREADD technology. It has been thought that artificially designed DREADD receptors can be activated by a metabolite of the antipsychotic drug clozapine, called CNO.
Pain relief most reported reason for misuse of opioid pain relievers
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More than one third of adults nationwide reported prescription opioid use in 2015, with substantial numbers reporting misuse and use disorders, according to a report compiled to estimate the prevalence of, and explore the motivations for, opioid use and misuse.
Study identifies quality measures linked to better outcomes in patients with opioid use disorders
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A NIDA funded study has identified certain process measures that are linked to lower mortality rates in people with opioid use disorders, and others that do not appear to affect mortality.
Two D3R selective antagonists provide new leads towards novel drug development
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Scientists supported by the National Institute on Drug Abuse synthesized a series of molecules to investigate structure-activity relationships at the D 3R. Their research resulted in the identification of two noncompetitive D 3R-selective antagonists, 18a and 25a
Activated Structures of Cannabinoid Receptor Revealed
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Science supported by the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) has revealed three-dimensional crystal structures of the cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1) in its activated state.
Glutamate Receptor’s Role in Cocaine Reward and Relapse
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Scientists supported by the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) found that rats lacking mGluR2 self-administered more cocaine than wild-type rats when little work was needed to obtain the drug, but less when the work requirement rose—and they were less likely to relapse after a period of abstinence.
Intensive intervention increases clinical adherence to opioid prescribing guidelines in chronic care
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A NIDA-funded randomized controlled trial that compared two organizational strategies to improve adherence to guidelines suggests that a multi-component approach is more effective than electronic decision tools alone.
Microglia Revealed
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Neuroscientists at the NIDA Intramural Research Program, with colleagues from the Johns Hopkins University, conducted the most extensive analysis to date of microglia in the midbrain of healthy mice. They discovered that the microglia in different midbrain areas differ in population density, number of branches, cellular contents, and gene expression.
Scientists explore brain region’s role in compulsive drug seeking
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A new report suggests that impairment of the lateral habenula contributes to the transition from controlled drug use to the compulsive use seen in addiction.
Strategies needed to reduce treatment dropout rate for veterans with PTSD and Substance Use Disorders
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Research funded by the National Institute on Drug Abuse and the Department of Veterans Affairs looked for predictors of dropout from one such empirically proven treatment, integrated prolonged exposure therapy.
Long-term anabolic steroid use linked to damage to heart and arteries
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New research funded by the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) found that long-term exposure to anabolic-androgenic steroids may be associated with substantial impairment of the heart, including a reduction in pumping performance and damage to the arteries.
Epigenetics takes center stage with this year’s Addiction Science Awards
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A project applying the science of epigenetics to demonstrate the health dangers of hookah smoke won a first-place Addiction Science Award at the 2017 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair (ISEF)—the world’s largest science competition for high school students.
Combined HIV and heroin vaccine shows promise
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A novel combination vaccine designed to treat heroin addiction and target HIV was found to elicit immune responses in mice and dull their response to injected heroin in a recent preclinical trial.
Smoking cessation medications alleviate symptoms of nicotine withdrawal, but not long-term brain changes
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Researchers now report that nicotine replacement therapy and the smoking cessation medication varenicline alleviate ex-smokers’ deficits in decision-making, but do not restore reward sensitivity. The new study pinpoints the types of decision errors newly abstinent smokers make, and how their brain activity during decision-making differs from that of non-smokers.
Study shows buprenorphine more effective than morphine for treatment of opioid withdrawal in newborns
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A newly published study showed that buprenorphine is more effective than morphine in treating withdrawal symptoms in newborns prenatally exposed to opioids, known as neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS).
Illicit cannabis use and use disorders increase in states with medical marijuana laws
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An analysis of national survey data indicates that laws legalizing medical marijuana use are associated with increases in illicit cannabis use and cannabis use disorders among adults.
High mortality among opioid use disorder patients in a general health care setting
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A new report provides information that primary care physicians and health care systems can use as they develop responses to the reforms and measure their success. The findings provide a baseline estimate of the excess mortality suffered by patients with opioid use disorder who are treated in a general health care system, and identify the main proximate causes of this mortality.
College students at increased risk for smoking marijuana
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An analysis of national survey data indicates that students attending college are at a significantly higher risk of beginning to use marijuana than those not enrolled in college, underscoring the need for improved prevention efforts.
Dr. Rita Valentino to lead NIDA’s neuroscience and behavior division
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"Dr. Valentino’s experience in brain research, electrophysiology, pharmacology and neurocircuitry of behavior will enable her to expand NIDA’s basic neuroscience program," said NIDA Director Nora D. Volkow.
Research shows parallels between addiction and aggression
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A new study by scientists at the National Institute on Drug Abuse’s (NIDA) Intramural Research Program (IRP) showed that when mice are exposed to experimental protocols adapted from those that are used to model human addictive behaviors, some animals develop an addiction-like propensity to aggression.
NIDA announces recipients of 2017 Avant-Garde Awards for HIV/AIDS research
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The winning proposals focus on a variety of novel approaches, including: improving HIV prevention through effective gene therapies; enhancing innate (natural) immunity against HIV and other related viruses; and developing new small-molecule drugs to treat HIV-1 infection.
New resources available for criminal justice and drug treatment counselors
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The National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) has created several new resources for those who work within the criminal justice system and other environments where people in recovery are ready to return to their lives outside of a structured setting.
Medication plus ongoing care provided in emergency departments is promising approach for opioid dependence
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New research comparing treatment approaches for opioid-dependent patients in emergency departments (ED) suggests that combining the medication buprenorphine with ongoing care is more effective than simply providing referrals to addiction...
Opioids are driving increase in cocaine overdose deaths
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An examination of national trend data shows that heroin and synthetic opioids are driving a recent increase in cocaine-related overdose deaths.
Study finds one in four high school e-cigarette users have tried “dripping”
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A study of high school students found that one in four teens reported using e-cigarettes for “dripping,” a practice in which users produce and inhale vapors by placing drops of e-liquids directly onto heated atomizer coils.
New analysis highlights patterns of adult medical marijuana use
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An analysis of medical marijuana use among adults in the United States indicates that more than 21 percent of medical marijuana users reside in states that have not legalized its use; suggesting that physicians might be recommending medical marijuana regardless of legalization in their respective states.
Preoccupation with muscle mass may spur steroid use among non-athlete men
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A new viewpoint written by scientists from the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) and Harvard Medical School describes that a growing number of young, non-athlete men are using androgenic-anabolic steroids (AAS) and other appearance and performance enhancing drugs.
Journal issue addresses nonmedical use of prescription drugs
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A special issue of the journal Addictive Behaviors features more than a dozen articles related to understanding and addressing the serious public health issues related to the nonmedical use of prescription drugs.
Teen substance use shows promising decline
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The 2016 Monitoring the Future (MTF) annual survey results released today from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) reflect changing teen behaviors and choices in a social media-infused world.
Structure of primary cannabinoid receptor is revealed
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New research is providing a more detailed view into the structure of the human cannabinoid (CB 1) receptor.
Gene Variant Influences Nicotine-Induced Changes to Brain Circuitry
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Researchers at NIDA and the University of Toronto investigated the role of a gene, CYP2A6, which produces an enzyme responsible for metabolizing nicotine; different variants of this gene inactivate nicotine at different rates, influencing how much nicotine remains in their body after smoking.
Multi agency funding announcement to assist with opioid crisis in rural U.S. regions
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A new federal funding opportunity was announced today to help find solutions to the opioid use and overdose crisis in the nation’s rural regions. It includes a focus on coal-impacted counties within Appalachia, as well as rural communities in other parts of the country.
Virtual Drug Design Yields Opioid Breakthrough
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Existing opioid medications have a range of side effects that make them problematic as pain treatments, as has been seen in America’s current opioid crisis and overdose epidemic.
Buprenorphine Prescribers Treat Below Current Patient Limits
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A new NIDA-funded study analysis found that the monthly numbers of opioid use disorder patients treated by buprenorphine prescribers were significantly below current limits, suggesting that barriers exist to securing treatment.
Recruitment begins for landmark study of adolescent brain development
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The landmark study by the National Institutes of Health will follow the biological and behavioral development of more than 10,000 children beginning at ages 9-10 through adolescence into early adulthood.
Women less sensitive than men to analgesic, but not rewarding effects of cannabis
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Animal studies have shown sex differences in cannabis-induced analgesia, but these studies had not previously been done in humans. A new study explored this issue by assessing the analgesic and subjective effects of cannabis in 42 users, half of whom were male and the other half female.
Pain relief without risk of addiction or overdose?
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New preclinical NIDA-funded research shows that a new compound, BU08028, acts on opioid and non-opioid brain receptors to relieve pain without harmful side effects.
Teens using e-cig devices not just for nicotine
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A recent analysis of the 2015 Monitoring the Future (MTF) findings on e-cigarette use highlights uncertainty about what teens are actually inhaling when using "e-cig" devices, and at least six percent report they are using the vaporizers to inhale marijuana.
Brain region may manage reward expectations and responding
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A new paper by the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) researchers suggests that a certain brain region—the amygdala central nucleus— plays a role in predicting reward value and allocating work accordingly.
Secondhand marijuana smoke may impair cardiovascular function
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Pre-clinical research funded by the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) suggests that secondhand marijuana smoke may cause longer lasting cardiovascular harm than secondhand tobacco smoke.
Athletic teens less likely to transition from prescription pain relievers to heroin
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Teens who participate in daily sports and exercise activities are less likely to transition from opioid pain reliever use to heroin, according to research funded by the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), and published today in Pediatrics.
NIDA editorial supports use of buprenorphine implant for opioid use disorder
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An editorial published today in The Journal of the American Medical Association by NIDA Director Dr. Nora Volkow and NIDA Deputy Director Dr. Wilson Compton discusses the importance of the new long-acting buprenorphine implant technology as an added tool in opioid addiction treatment.
Research finds that patient navigation does not improve viral suppression rates among those with substance use disorders and HIV
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The study results raise awareness about the need for health care professionals to have cost-effective and efficient strategies in providing care to patients with substance use disorders and HIV.
Smoking cessation success linked to sex difference
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A meta-analysis of smoking cessation therapies, funded by the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), showed that clinicians should strongly consider varenicline as the first treatment option for women who are trying to quit smoking.
Co-prescribing naloxone in primary care settings may reduce ER visits
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Research funded by the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) found that patients taking opioids for long-term chronic pain, who were given prescriptions for naloxone in a primary care setting, had 63 percent fewer opioid-related emergency department visits after one year compared to those who did not receive prescriptions for naloxone.
Addiction treatment patients trained to manage their healthcare may have better outcomes
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Research funded by the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) reveals that teaching patients in addiction treatment how to communicate with physicians, and providing training on using an electronic health records portal, empowers them to better engage in their health management.
Prescription Drug Monitoring Programs Linked to Reductions in Opioid Overdose Deaths
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New research funded by the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) found that state implementation of prescription drug monitoring programs (PDMPs) was associated with a reduction in opioid-related overdose deaths.
Pioneering early stage researchers selected for NIDA’s 2016 Avenir awards
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The awards will support exciting approaches with tools such as genome editing and smart phone technologies, as well as studies of epigenetic changes in brain cells and couples-based HIV prevention.
NIDA creates online resource to raise awareness about naloxone
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The new web resource includes information about the medication, how, and by whom, it can be given, and where to obtain it. Additionally, dosage information, precautions, and the side effects of naloxone are highlighted.
College and young adult drug use data now available online
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The latest (2014) college age MTF data shows that more students are using marijuana daily than are drinking alcohol daily. Survey results suggest that the non-medical use of the stimulant Adderall is higher for the college group than their non-college peers; and there has been an uptick in cocaine use among college students.
FDA approves six month implant for treatment of opioid dependence
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The National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), part of the National Institutes of Health, is pleased to announce that the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved the first long-acting, subdermal buprenorphine implant for the treatment of opioid dependence
Link between stress mindset and factors that influence addiction vulnerability—focus of top NIH Addiction Science Award
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A project showing how negative attitudes about stress impact key factors that influence vulnerability to addiction, including sleep, emotion and cognition, won a first place Addiction Science Award at the 2016 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair (ISEF)—the world’s largest science competition for high school students.
Extended-release naltrexone lowers relapse rates in ex-offenders
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New research funded by the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) revealed that the relapse rates among criminal justice involved adults with a history of opioid dependence were lower for participants receiving extended-release naltrexone than for those receiving treatment as usual (brief counseling and referrals for community treatment programs).
Review article outlines strategies to reduce opioid abuse risk
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More than 30 percent of Americans have some form of chronic pain. Yet, the over-reliance on the millions of opioid pain reliever prescriptions dispensed yearly have resulted in a national epidemic of overdose deaths and addiction.
Brain dopamine release reduced in severe marijuana dependence
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NIDA-funded research using brain scans shows that severe marijuana dependence (now referred to as cannabis use disorder) is associated with a reduced release of dopamine within the striatum, a region involved in working memory, impulsivity and attention.
Substance use disorders extremely common among previously incarcerated youth
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New research funded by the National Institute on Drug Abuse revealed that of previously incarcerated youths, more than 90% of males and nearly 80% of females had a substance use disorder at some point in their lifetime.